\(B=\sqrt{\frac{2019^2}{2019^2}+2018^2+\frac{2018^2}{2019^2}}+\frac{2018}{2019}\)

\(B=\sqrt{\frac{\left(2018+1\right)^2}{2019^2}+\frac{2018^2}{2019^2}+2018^2}+\frac{2018}{2019}\)

\(B=\sqrt{\frac{1}{2019^2}+\frac{2018^2+2.2018+2018^2}{2019^2}+2018^2}+\frac{2018}{2019}\)

\(B=\sqrt{\frac{1}{2019^2}+2.2018.\frac{1}{2019}+2018^2}+\frac{2018}{2019}\)

\(B=\sqrt{\left(\frac{1}{2019}+2018\right)^2}+\frac{2018}{2019}\)

\(B=\frac{1}{2019}+2018+\frac{2018}{2019}=2019\) là một số tự nhiên

\(B=\sqrt{1+2018^2+\frac{2018^2}{2019^2}}+\frac{2018}{2019}\)

\(B=\sqrt{1^2+2018^2+\left(-\frac{2018}{2019}\right)^2}+\frac{2018}{2019}\)

\(B=\sqrt{\left(1+2018-\frac{2018}{2019}\right)^2+2.\frac{2018}{2019}+2.\frac{2018^2}{2019}-2.2018}\)\(+\frac{2018}{2019}\)

\(B=\sqrt{\left(1+2018-\frac{2018}{2019}\right)^2+2\left(\frac{2018+2018.2018-2018.2019}{2019}\right)}\)\(+\frac{2018}{2019}\)

\(B=\sqrt{\left(1+2018-\frac{2018}{2019}\right)^2}+\frac{2018}{2019}\)

\(B=1+2018-\frac{2018}{2019}+\frac{2018}{2019}=2019\)

Vậy B có giá trị là 1 số tự nhiên.

Akai Haruma Nguyễn Thanh Hằng Nguyễn Thị Ngọc Thơ

M=[ 1+1/2018 +1/2 +1/2017 +1/3 +1/2016 +........+1/1009 +1/1010] .2.3.4...2018

M=[2019/2018 =2019/2.2017 +2019/3.2016 +....+2019/1009.1010]­.2.3.....2018

M.=2019.[1/2018 +1/2.2017 +.....+1/1009.1010]­ .2.3....2018 chia het cho 2019

suy ra M chia het cho2019

vay M chia het cho2019

\(\frac{a^4}{2018}+\frac{b^4}{2019}=\frac{1}{4037}\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{2019a^4+2018b^4}{2018\cdot2019}=\frac{a^2+b^2}{2018+2019}\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left(2018+2019\right)\left(2019a^4+2018b^4\right)=2018\cdot2019\left(a^2+b^2\right)\)

\(\Leftrightarrow2019^2\cdot a^4+2018^2\cdot b^4+2018\cdot2019\cdot a^4+2018\cdot2019b^4=2018\cdot2019\cdot a^2+2018\cdot2019\cdot b^2\)

\(\Leftrightarrow2019^2\cdot a^4+2018^2\cdot b^4=2018\cdot2019\cdot a^2\left(1-a^2\right)+2018\cdot2019\cdot b^2\left(1-b^2\right)\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left(2019a^2\right)^2+\left(2018b^2\right)^2=2\cdot2018\cdot2019\cdot a^2\cdot b^2\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left(2019a^2-2018b^2\right)=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow2019a^2=2018b^2\Leftrightarrow\frac{a^2}{2018}=\frac{b^2}{2019}=\frac{a^2+b^2}{2018+2019}=\frac{1}{4037}\)

\(\Rightarrow\frac{a^{2018}}{2018^{10009}}=\frac{b^{2018}}{2019^{1009}}=\frac{1}{4037^{1009}}\)

\(\Rightarrow P=\frac{2}{4037^{1009}}\)

\(D=\frac{1}{4}+\frac{2}{4^2}+\frac{3}{4^3}+\frac{4}{4^4}+...+\frac{2018}{4^{2018}}+\frac{2019}{4^{2019}}\)

\(\Rightarrow4D=1+\frac{2}{4}+\frac{3}{4^2}+\frac{4}{4^3}+...+\frac{2018}{4^{2017}}+\frac{2019}{4^{2018}}\)

\(\Rightarrow4D-D=1+\frac{2}{4}+\frac{3}{4^2}+\frac{4}{4^3}+...+\frac{2018}{4^{2017}}+\frac{2019}{4^{2018}}\)

\(-\frac{1}{4}-\frac{2}{4^2}-\frac{3}{4^3}-\frac{4}{4^4}-...-\frac{2018}{4^{2018}}-\frac{2019}{4^{2019}}\)

\(\Rightarrow3D=1+\left(\frac{1}{4}+\frac{1}{4^2}+\frac{1}{4^3}+...+\frac{1}{4^{2018}}\right)-\frac{2019}{4^{2019}}\)

Đặt \(M=\frac{1}{4}+\frac{1}{4^2}+\frac{1}{4^3}+\frac{1}{4^4}+...+\frac{1}{4^{2018}}\)

\(\Rightarrow4M=1+\frac{1}{4}+\frac{1}{4^2}+\frac{1}{4^3}+...+\frac{1}{4^{2017}}\)

\(\Rightarrow4M-M=1+\frac{1}{4}+\frac{1}{4^2}+\frac{1}{4^3}+...+\frac{1}{4^{2017}}\)

\(-\frac{1}{4}-\frac{1}{4^2}-\frac{1}{4^3}-\frac{1}{4^4}-...-\frac{1}{4^{2018}}\)

\(\Rightarrow3M=1-\frac{1}{4^{2018}}\)

\(\Rightarrow M=\frac{1}{3}-\frac{1}{3.4^{2018}}\)

\(\Rightarrow3D=1+\frac{1}{3}-\frac{1}{3.4^{2018}}-\frac{2019}{4^{2019}}\)

\(\Rightarrow3D=\frac{4}{3}-\frac{1}{3.4^{2018}}-\frac{2019}{4^{2019}}< \frac{4}{3}\)

\(\Rightarrow D< \frac{4}{9}=\frac{40}{90}< \frac{45}{90}=\frac{1}{2}\left(đpcm\right)\)

bài này lm kiểu j vậy bạn

Bài 1:

Áp dụng BĐT Cauchy-Schwarz ta có:

\(\frac{a^2}{a+2b}+\frac{b^2}{2a+b}\geq \frac{(a+b)^2}{a+2b+2a+b}=\frac{(a+b)^2}{3(a+b)}=\frac{a+b}{3}=\frac{1}{3}\) (đpcm)

Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(\left\{\begin{matrix} \frac{a}{a+2b}=\frac{b}{2a+b}\\ a+b=1\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow a=b=\frac{1}{2}\)

Bài 2:

Vì $x+y=2019$ nên $2019-x=y; 2019-y=x$

Áp dụng BĐT Cauchy-Schwarz ta có:

\(P=\frac{x}{\sqrt{2019-x}}+\frac{y}{\sqrt{2019-y}}=\frac{x}{\sqrt{y}}+\frac{y}{\sqrt{x}}=\frac{x^2}{x\sqrt{y}}+\frac{y^2}{y\sqrt{x}}\geq \frac{(x+y)^2}{x\sqrt{y}+y\sqrt{x}}\)

Mà theo BĐT AM-GM và Bunhiacopxky:

\((x\sqrt{y}+y\sqrt{x})^2\leq (xy+yx)(x+y)=2xy(x+y)\leq \frac{(x+y)^2}{2}.(x+y)=\frac{(x+y)^3}{2}\)

\(\Rightarrow P\geq \frac{(x+y)^2}{\sqrt{\frac{(x+y)^3}{2}}}=\sqrt{2(x+y)}=\sqrt{2.2019}=\sqrt{4038}\)

Vậy \(P_{\min}=\sqrt{4038}\Leftrightarrow x=y=\frac{2019}{2}\)

Bài 3:

Áp dụng BĐT Cauchy-Schwarz:

\(1=\frac{2018}{x}+\frac{2019}{y}=\frac{(\sqrt{2018})^2}{x}+\frac{(\sqrt{2019})^2}{y}\geq \frac{(\sqrt{2018}+\sqrt{2019})^2}{x+y}\)

\(\Rightarrow P=x+y\geq (\sqrt{2018}+\sqrt{2019})^2\)

Vậy \(P_{\min}=(\sqrt{2018}+\sqrt{2019})^2\)

Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(\left\{\begin{matrix} \frac{\sqrt{2018}}{x}=\frac{\sqrt{2019}}{y}\\ \frac{2018}{x}+\frac{2018}{y}=1\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow x=\frac{\sqrt{2018}}{\sqrt{2018}+\sqrt{2019}}; y=\frac{\sqrt{2019}}{\sqrt{2018}+\sqrt{2019}}\)

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Tóm lại, những bài này bạn sử dụng 2 công cụ chính:

BĐT AM-GM (quá quen thuộc)

BĐT Cauchy-Schwarz: \(\frac{a_1^2}{b_1}+\frac{a_2^2}{b_2}+\frac{a_3^2}{b_3}+...+\frac{a_n^2}{b_n}\ge \frac{(a_1+a_2+...+a_n)^2}{b_1+b_2+...+b_n}\)